多人谈话言语噪声对成人和青少年普通话声调与VOT感知的影响

本文采用范畴感知实验探讨了多人谈话言语噪声对普通话声调、送气音感知的影响。实验一和实验二分别设计了无噪声条件、信噪比为0 d B条件下的声调（阴平和阳平）和塞音（/p/和/ph/）的语音刺激连续统,对成人和12—14岁的青少年开展了范畴辨认测试和区分测试。实验一结果表明,多人谈话言语噪声对成人的声调范畴感知没有显著影响,而青少年在噪声条件下范畴边界则更靠近阴平一端。此外无论噪声还是安静条件下，青少年的范畴内区分准确率均明显高于成人。实验二结果显示：第一，成人和青少年的送气塞音嗓音起始时间（VOT）的感知边界宽度在多人谈话言语噪声条件下都明显变宽；第二，青少年和成人在安静条件下的范畴间区分正确率都明显比噪声条件下高；第三，无论在噪声还是安静条件下，青少年的范畴间区分正确率都低于成人，范畴内区分正确率则高于成人。综上，多人言语噪声只对青少年的声调感知有影响，对成人和青少年的VOT感知都有影响。此外，青少年的塞音VOT范畴间/内区分能力都处于进一步发展中，而声调感知仅仅范畴内区分能力尚未发展到成人水平，这也说明汉语声调和VOT这两个不同的语音特征具有不同的发展模式，VOT的范畴感知发展慢于声调。

This study investigated the effects of babble noise on categorical perception of Mandarin tones (highlevel tone and rising tone) and voice onset time (VOT) of stops (/p / and /ph /). Identification tests and discrimination tests with tone and VOT continua in both quiet and multi-talker babble noise conditions were conducted among Mandarin-speaking adults and adolescents aged 12-14 years. Results showed that babble noise weakened the ability to perceive VOT in adult and adolescent groups, and influenced the perception of tone in adolescents. In tone perception experiments, adolescents had a boundary position which was nearer the high-level tone in noise condition than that in quiet condition, and had a higher within-category accuracy than adults in noise and quiet conditions. Besides, in VOT perception experiments, both of adults and adolescents’boundary widths became wider and between-category accuracies were lower in noise condition than those in quiet condition. What is more, both in noise or quiet conditions, lower between-category accuracies and higher within-category accuracies were shown in adolescents, which were significantly different from those in adults. To conclude, babble noise interfered with both groups’ability to perceive VOT, and impaired the adolescents’ perception of tone. Furthermore, in adolescents group, the between-category and within-category discrimination abilities of VOT were in development, while only the adult-like within-category discrimination competence of tones had not been acquired. These results provided evidence for the different developmental patterns of categorical perception of Mandarin tones and VOT of stops. The categorical perception development of VOT was obviously slower than that of tone.