基于大规模语料库的两岸新闻标题同音删略研究

汉语名词性复合结构中的同音删略受到使用频率、变调和韵律等三种条件的制约,而三者的强弱差异直接影响可选性同音删略的发生倾向。本文基于亿级词汇量的两岸共同语语料库,对新闻标题中的同音删略现象进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,同音删略的制约条件在大陆新闻标题中的强弱等级是"变调>韵律>使用频率",在台湾新闻标题中则是"变调>韵律≈使用频率",排序都与常规语言不同,但韵律的作用力强弱在两岸常规语言和新闻标题中没有明显差异。这表明新闻标题更加遵循韵律规则的语体特点并未显著影响同音删略。本研究还发现大陆共同语在新闻标题中倾向于保留完整形式,而台湾共同语倾向于使用删略形式。该现象应由两岸汉语对新闻标题准确性和简约性的偏重不同导致。

Haplology in Mandarin nominal compounds is conditioned by three constraints of frequency, tone sandhi and syllabicity, and the strength rankings of which determine the tendencies of such optional haplology. We present in this paper an
empirical study of haplology in news headlines in Mainland and Taiwan Mandarin, based on the large scale corpus Tagged Chinese Gigaword Version 2.0. We found that the strength rankings of constraints on haplology in news headlines are “tone
sandhi > syllabicity > frequency” in Mainland Mandarin, and “tone sandhi > syllabicity ≈ frequency” in Taiwan Mandarin, which are different from the rankings in ordinary language in both Mandarin varieties. The strength of syllabicity shows no
difference between news headlines and ordinary language, indicating that the preference for certain prosodic patterns of news headlines does not have substantial impacts on haplology. We also found that news headlines in Mainland Mandarin place more emphasis on accuracy, thus tend to use full forms of nominal compounds, while news headlines in Taiwan Mandarin place more emphasis on brevity, hence the tendency to use haplologized forms of nominal compounds.