土的基本特性及本构关系

With the development of geotechnical projects, the soil types continues to diversify, the soil behavior continues to complicate, and the soil constitutive model continues to be required for higher accuracy. Facing these challenges, the study on the fundamental behavior and constitutive relationship should focus on the integrated behaviors of the soil with macro-and micro-aspects that are essential for the required accuracy of engineering analysis. These behaviors are termed engineering characteristics of the soil, including three-phase feature, anisotropy, friction, and dilatancy. The contents and tendency are discussed based on the reviews of research literature. Integrated scheme, with a balance of analysis accuracy for the microstructure and macro-response, is required for the investigation and description of the engineering characteristics of the soil. In other words, the macro-investigation directs the micro-observations to avoid overemphasizing the pursuit of micro-details; while micro-investigation provide sufficient evidences to avoid assumptions without the micro-mechanism. The macro-and micro-integrated modeling schemes are proposed for the fundamental behavior and constitutive relationship of the soil on the basis of the engineering characteristics. The literature and development tendency are reviewed with the strength theory and multi-process coupling model of the soil. A brief review is conducted on the important development of the constitutive models of the soil. It is pointed out that the constitutive theories of the soil have established a firm foundation of the macro-and micro-integrated study on the engineering characteristics of the soil.