可持续饮食系统的尺度逻辑--基于中国, 巴西, 南非的案例

The industrialization of agriculture and the "de-localization" of production patterns, misty distribution processes, and inflated consumption desires have led to a continuous crisis in food systems, and the sustainability of food systems has become a challenge at the global scale. Current research on the sustainable food systems is confronted with the problem of scale. The sustainability goals at the global scale are ambitious and inclusive, but the differences at the local scale are not taken into account. In terms of pathways, the practices of Western countries have led to a "scalar trap", where the microscopic scales such as communities are overemphasized to the exclusion of the potential role of other scales. Based on perspectives of scale, this study analyzes the "sustainability" constructs of various actors within the food systems of China, Brazil, and South Africa, and proposes a scale logic for the transformation of food system sustainability goals and empirical feedback. The study finds that: (1) The transformation of goals from global to local scale needs to take into account local differences. China, Brazil, and South Africa generate their own priority sustainability goals, which address food safety, food authenticity and food waste, and structural food scarcity, respectively. These goals are fraught with tensions and trade-offs and cannot be equivalently substituted. (2) Empirical feedback from the local to the global scale requires a shift away from the micro-scale superiority conferred by Western experience and toward cross-scale practices. The sustainable practice pathways in developing countries lie in bringing into play the dynamics of various actors in the food system and mobilizing resources to form effective networks of action across scales. (3) The experience of developing countries suggests that scale is a method in itself, not an end in itself, and that each specific sustainability goal is matched with an appropriate scale approach, and that there is a need for research to suggest ways to tap into diverse and differentiated sustainability models so as to fully promote sustainable development of local and global food systems.