How can we leverage advances in digital technology and data science to enhance language learning? In this talk, I outline an approach that combines emerging technologies and data-driven methodologies with current neuro-cognitive theories, in an effort to gain insights into language learning and its representation. This approach highlights interactive mechanisms and integrative processes that enable us to understand the differences between child and adult language learning, as well as individual differences in diverse language learning contexts. The key to the success of this approach is the understanding of human learner’s ability to integrate multimodal information in the learning context. Computational and neurocognitive studies along this direction will have significant implications for the application of AI and machine learning in personalized education, which is especially relevant in light of today’s rapid developments in large language models (LLMs) and generative AI.